The Empire State Building

History
The Empire State Building
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historical Monument National
NYC Landmark
You are here:
350 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10118
U.S.
Contact:
404,454.36 735,908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333,-73.9856556Coordinates: 404,454.36 735,908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333, -73.9856556
Architect:
Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Architectural style (s):
Art Deco
Added to NRHP:
November 17, 1982
Designated NHL
June 24, 1986
Designate NYCL:
May 19, 1981
NRHP Reference #:
82001192
The site of the Empire State Building was conceived as the John Thomson Farm in the late 18th century. In this time, a stream running through the site, emptying into Sunfish Pond, located one block away. Since the late 19th century the block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria, attended the Four Hundred, the social elite of New York.
Design and construction
The Empire State Building was designed by William F. Lamb of the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, which produced the building plans in two weeks, using their previous models for the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and the Tower of Carew in Cincinnati, Ohio (designed by the architectural firm WW Ahlschlager & Associates) as a basis. Each year the staff of the Empire State Building sent a card Birthday for parents to staff in the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem in honor of his role as a precursor to the Empire State Building. Building has been designed top to bottom. The general contractors were Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project has been funded primarily by John J. Raskob and S. Pierre Bridge. The construction company was chaired by Alfred E. Smith, a former governor of New York and the James Farley Builders General Supply Corporation has provided construction materials. John W. Bowser has been superintendent of the work.
A beam pins worker for Building, the Chrysler Building is visible in the background.
Site excavation began January 22, 1930, and construction of the building itself started symbolically on March 17t.Patrick influence Dayer Al Smith as the Empire State, Inc. president. The project involved 3400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal. According to official reports, five workers died during construction. grandchildren Governor Smith cut the ribbon on May 1, 1931. Lewis Hine photograph of the construction is expected not only a valuable building material, but also an overview of the daily lives of ordinary workers at that time. In particular, the image of a worker at a rate Climbing is emblematic of the era and the building itself.
The construction was part of an intense contest in New York for the title of "tallest building highest in the world. "Two other projects fighting for the title, 40 Wall Street and the Chrysler Building, were still under construction when work began the Empire State Building. Each holds the title of less than one year as the Empire State Building surpassed at the end, after only 410 days began construction. The building was officially opened May 1, 1931 dramatically when U.S. President Herbert Hoover turned on the lights in the building at the touch a button in Washington, DC Ironically, the first use light tower above the Empire State Building, the following year, was intended to signal the victory of Franklin D. Hoover to Roosevelt in the November 1932 presidential election.
Opening
The inauguration of the building coincided with the Great Depression in the United States, and therefore much of its office space was rented out. vacant building has been aggravated by poor Located on 34th Street, has been relatively far from public transportation, including Grand Central Terminal, the Port Authority Bus Terminal and Penn Station is a few blocks. Other more successful skyscrapers as the Chrysler Building, not the problem. In its first year of operation, the observation deck took about two million dollars as much money as its owners made in rent that year. The lack of tenants has led New Yorkers make fun of building construction and the State "Empty." The building would become profitable until around 1950. The famous 1951 sale of the Empire State Building to Roger L. Stevens and his partners negotiated by prominent Manhattan real estate company F. Charles Noyes & Company for a record 51 million dollars. At that time it was the highest price ever paid for a single structure in the history of assets roots.
Dirigible (airship) terminal
This landmark Art Deco Tower Building was originally designed as a mooring mast and depot for dirigibles. Soil 102nd was a landing platform with a dirigible bridge. A special elevator, traveling between the 86th and 102nd floors, was supposed to carry passengers after noting that the observation post on the 86th floor. However, the idea proved impractical and dangerous after several attempts with aircraft, due to the powerful updrafts caused by the size of the building. A huge transmission tower was added to the top of the tower in 1953.
1945 plane crash
Article Home: B-25 Empire State Building Crash
Failure of the U.S. Army B-25 bomber July 28, 1945
Amon At 9:40 Saturday, July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell pilot in thick fog by Lieutenant Colonel William Franklin Smith, Jr., crashed into the north side of Empire State Building, between 79th and 80 floors, where National Assembly offices Catholic Welfare Council were located. A kick motor on the side opposite the impact and flew to the next block where he landed on the roof of a nearby building, causing a fire that destroyed an attic. The other engine and part of the landing gear down in a lift shaft. The fire was extinguished in 40 minutes. 14 people died in the incident. elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived a fall of 75 stories in an elevator, which remains the Guinness World Record for the most lift survived long slump recorded. Despite the damage and loss of life, the building was open for business on many floors the following Monday. The accident helped drive the adoption of the long wait Federal tort Claims Act 1946 and the insertion of retroactivity provisions in the law, allowing people to sue the government by the accident.
A year later, another plane was met with skyscrapers. I missed some amazing building.
Height records and comparisons
Comparison of tall buildings in New York
The Empire State Building is still the tallest structure in the human world for 23 years before being overtaken Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV Mast) in 1954. It was also the highest freestanding structure in the world for 36 years before being overtaken by the Ostankino Tower in 1967.
Most of the world's longest held by the Empire State Building was the largest skyscrapers (at the height of the structure), which had place for 42 years until it is overtaken by the north tower of World Trade Center in 1973. With the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001, the September 11 attacks, the building Empire State Building is again the tallest building in New York, and the second tallest building in the Americas, now second only to the Sears Tower in Chicago. When is measured by the height of the peak, the Empire State Building is currently the third tallest building in the Americas, second only to the Tower and Hotel Willis International And Trump Tower.
1 World Trade Center, currently under construction in New York, is expected to exceed the height of the Empire State Building in the end. The Chicago Spire also above the height of the Empire State Building to completion, but construction has been halted due to financial problems.
Suicides
Over the years, more thirty people have committed suicide from the top of the building. First suicide occurred even before its completion, by a worker who was fired. The fence around the observatory terrace was put in 1947 after five people tried to jump over a period of three weeks. On December 2, 1979, Adams was 86th Elvita speech must be repressed in the 85th floor and left with only a broken hip.
Shootings
Main article: 1997 Empire State Building shooting
February 24, 1997, a Palestinian gunmen fired seven people on the observation deck, killing one, then fatally wounded.
Architecture
The Empire State Building (The center of the image) is the tallest building in New York
View street level of the Empire State Building
The Empire State Building rises to 1,250 feet (381 m) in the 102nd field, including 203 FT (62 m) Pinnacle reaches its peak in 1453 ft8916 (443.09 m). The building has 85 floors of commercial space and offices representing 2.158 million meters square (200 500 m2). It has an observation deck inside and outside the earth 86. The other 16 plants represent the Art Deco tower, which is crowned by an observatory 102nd floor. At the top of the tower is the TF 203 (62 m) from Pinnacle, a large part is covered by broadcast antennas, with a lightning rod on top.
The Empire State Building was the first building that has more than 100 plants. It has 6,500 windows and 73 elevators, and there are 1860 steps from the street to the floor 103. It has a total area of 2,768,591 meters square (257 211 m2), based Empire State Building is about 2 acres (8094 m2). The construction of 1,000 companies, and has its own zip code, 10 118. In 2007, approximately 21,000 employees working in the building every day, making the Empire State Building the second single office complex in America, after Pentagon. The building was completed in one year and 45 days. Its original 64 elevators are located in a central core, at present, the Empire State Building has 73 lifts in total, including service elevators. It takes less than a minute by elevator to the 86th floor, which houses an observation deck. Building is 70 miles (113 km) of pipes, 2.5 million meters (760.000 m) cable, and about 9,000 taps. [Citation needed] is heated by steam at low pressure, despite its height, the building only requires between 2 and 3 psi (14 and 21 kPa) pressure steam for heating. It weighs about 370,000 tons (340,000 t). The exterior of the building panels are built with Indiana limestone.
The Empire State Building cost $ 40,948,900 for the construction.
A series of setbacks of the structure makes the cone with height.
Unlike most of today's skyscrapers, the Empire State Building is an Art Deco design, typical of pre-World War II, architecture in New York. Flags streets steel modernist steel inputs at the 33rd and 34th place runners two stories high around the elevator core, crossed by stainless steel and glass enclosed-bridge on the second floor. The elevator core contains 67 elevators.
The lobby is three floors and aluminum relief of the skyscraper without the antenna, which has been added to the arrow until 1952. The north corridor contains eight illuminated panels, created by Roy and Rene Sparkia Nemorov 1963, which represents the building as the eighth wonder of the world, along with the traditional seven.
Long-term prognosis lifecycle of the structure has been applied in the design phase to ensure that future uses are intended by the building have not been limited by the demands of previous generations. This is particularly evident in the current system design Electric building.
Projectors
Empire State Building with red and green lights for Christmas, as we see GE Building
Empire State Building, with a normal white light, as seen from New Jersey
In 1964, the headlights were added to illuminate the top of the building at night, in colors chosen to correspond to seasonal events and others, like St. Patrick's Day, Christmas, Independence Day or Bastille Day. After the eightieth birthday and the death of Frank Sinatra, by example, the building was bathed in blue light to represent the singer's nickname "Ol Blue Eyes." After the death of actress Fay Wray (King Kong) in late 2004, the building was in total darkness for 15 minutes.
Floodlights bathed the building in red, white and blue for several months after the destruction of the World Trade Center, then returns to the norm. Traditionally, in addition to standard time, the building is illuminated with the colors of sports teams in New York nights we have home games (orange, blue and white for the New York Knicks, red, white and blue in the New York Rangers, and so on). The first weekend June is the building with the green light for the Belmont Stakes place near Belmont Park. The building is illuminated in yellow tennis ball in tennis tournament, U.S. Open in late August and early September. He was twice illuminated in red to support Rutgers University nearby, once for a football game against the University of Louisville on November 9th, 2006, and again April 3, 2007, when the women's basketball team played in the national championship.
In 1995 the building was lit blue, red, green and yellow for the launch of Microsoft's Windows 95 operating system, which began with a campaign of $ 300 million.
The building has also been known to be lit in purple and white in honor of the graduates of the University of New York.
Every September, the building is lit in black red and yellow lights with high (black) to celebrate German-American Steuben Parade on Fifth Avenue.
The building was lit green for three days in honor of the Islamic Conference Eid ul-Fitr, in October 2007. The lighting, the first of a Muslim holiday, is destined to become an annual event and was repeated in 2008 and 2009. In December 2007, the building was illuminated yellow to signify the home video release of The Simpsons Movie.
From April 2527, 2008, the building was lit in lavender, pink and white to honor the achievements of the international pop diva Mariah Carey in the music world and the release of their eleventh studio album E = MC2. [Citation needed]
In late October 2008, the building was lit green in honor of the fifth anniversary of the musical by Stephen Schwartz and Ellis Kerry Malo.
From 2008, the building, as well as New York and many other cities around the world participated in Earth Hour. The spotlights were turned off skyscrapers in exactly one hour to save energy.
In September 2009, the building was lit by an orange night, in celebration of the exploration of the island 400 years Manhattan by Hudson before. The Dutch Prince Willem-Alexander van Oranje and Princess Maxima attended and turned on the lights in the room.
In 2009, the building was illuminated for a night in red and yellow of the communist People's Republic of China to celebrate the 60 years since its founding in the midst of controversy.
Observation Deck
The Empire State Building Observatory is one of the most popular open air in the world, having been visited by more than 110 million people. The observation deck 86th floor offers an impressive 360 degrees of the city. There is a second-floor observation deck of the 102nd is opened to the public. It was closed in 1999 but reopened in November 2005. It is fully enclosed and much smaller than the first, may be closed for several days with heavy traffic. Tourists can pay to visit the observation deck on 86th floor and the additional amount of the plant 102. The lines to enter the observation deck, according to the website of the building are "As legendary the building itself:" There are five of them: the curb line, the line elevator lobby, the ticket purchase line, the line to lift the second and the bottom line of the elevator in the observation deck. For an additional tourists can go to the front line.
The skyscraper is home viewing of several films, television and literary classics, including An Affair to Remember, Love Affair and Sleepless in Seattle. In Latin America, Empire of Literary Dreams by Giannina Braschi observation deck is the site of a revolution pastoral shepherds recapture the city of New York. The bridge was also the site of a Martian invasion in an old episode of I Love Lucy.
A panoramic view of the city of New York from the 86th floor observation deck of the Empire State Building Spring 2005
New York Skyride
View Macy's
The Empire State Building also has a motion simulator attraction, located at 2nd plant. Opened in 1994 as a complement to the observation deck, the New York Skyride (or NY Skyride) is a tower model of the city air. The theater lasted approximately 25 minutes.
Since opening, the journey has had two incarnations. The original version, which lasted from 1994 to about 2002, with James Doohan, Scotty from Star Trek pilot of the aircraft, humorously tried to keep under control the flight during a storm, with the tour to take an unexpected route in the subway, Coney Island, and FAO Schwartz, among others. After September 11, however, the tower was closed, and an upgrade version began in mid-2002 with the actor Kevin Bacon as the pilot. The new version of the story tried to make the attraction more education, and have some small post-9/11 patriotic connotations with flashbacks of the World Trade Center. The new flight will also be complicated, but this segment is much shorter than the original.
Radio broadcasts
New York is the largest media market in the United States. Since 2001, September 11, attacks, almost all stations in the city of commercial broadcasting (both TV and FM radio) have been transmitted from the top of the Empire State Building, although some FM stations are close to the Conde Nast Building. Most of New York City AM stations just over the Hudson River New Jersey.
Communications devices for broadcast stations is on the top of the Empire State Building.
Broadcasting Empire began in the December 22, 1931, when RCA began transmitting experimental television broadcasts from a small antenna built on top of the tower. They rented the 85th floor and built a laboratory, andn 1934CA was accompanied by Edwin Howard Armstrong in a cooperative venture to test your FM antenna system of the empire. When Armstrong fell and RCA in 1935 and his FM equipment was removed, the word became the 85th house RCA TV New York operations, first as an experimental channel W2XBS station, which became later (July 1, 1941) WNBT commercial station, Channel 1 (now WNBC-TV Channel 4). FM station (NBC Weafer-FM, now WQHT) started broadcasting from the antenna in 1940. NBC retained exclusive use of the top of the Empire until 1950, when the FCC ordered the exclusive deal broken, based on consumer complaints a common situation necessary for the stations (now) seven New York television to convey what antennas do not have to be adjusted constantly. The construction of a giant tower began. other broadcasters then joined RCA at Empire, on the 83rd, 82nd and 81st floors, frequently bringing FM sister stations, as well as for the ride. Multiple TV and FM broadcasts have started from the new tower in 1951. In 1965, a separate set of FM antennas were built Ring 103 floor area of observation. When the World Trade Center was under construction, caused severe problems for television stations, most which is then passed to the World Trade Center, once it was completed. This allowed them to renovate the structure of the antenna and transmitter facilities for the benefit of the stations FM remain there, soon joined them FMS and other UHF television travel elsewhere in the metropolitan area. The destruction of the World Trade Center had a lot of mixing of the antennas and transmitter rooms to accommodate music stations uptown.
Since 2009, the Empire State Building houses the following stations:
TV: WCBS-TV WNBC-TV 4 2, 5, WNYW, WABC-TV 7, WWOR TV 9 Secaucus, WPIX-TV 11, WNET 13 Newark, WNYE-TV 25, TV WPXN 31, 41 Paterson WXTV, 47 Linden WNJU , and TV-68 in Newark WFUT
FM: 92.3 WXRK, WPAT-FM 93.1 Paterson, WNYC-FM 93.9, WPLJ 95.5, 96.3 WXNY, WQHT-FM 97.1, WSKQ-FM 97.9, WRKS-FM 98.7, WBAI 99.5 , Newark 100.3 WHTZ, WCBS-FM 101.1, 101.9 WRXP, WWF 102.7, 103.5 WKTU Lake Success, WAXQ 104.3, 105.1 WWPR-FM, WQXR-FM 105.9 Newark, WLTW 106.7 , 107.5 and WBLS
Empire Building State Run-up
The Empire State Building run-up is a foot race from the floor to the 86th floor observation deck, which is held every year since 1978. Their Participants are known as runners and climbers, and are often run by fans. The race covers a vertical distance of 1,050 feet (320 m) in 1576 and takes action. The record time is 9 minutes and 33 seconds, held by Australian professional cyclist Paul Crake in 2003 at a rate of climb of 6593 feet (2010 m) per hour.
In popular culture
Film
Perhaps the most famous building representation of popular culture is in the movie King Kong in 1933, in which the main character a giant ape, climbs to the top to escape his captors, but falls to his death. In 1983, for the 50th anniversary of the film, inflatable King Kong was included in the construction real. In 2005, a remake of King Kong was released, set in 1930s New York, including a final showdown between Kong and bi-planes on a very detailed Empire State Building. (The 1976 remake of King Kong was created in a contemporary New York City and held its climactic scene at the World Trade Center.)
Romantic drama 1939 Love Affair movie involves couples planning to meet at the top of the Empire State Building, an appointment that can prevent a car accident. The film was remade in 1957 (as An Affair to Remember) and 1994 (although Love Affair). The 1993 film Sleepless in Seattle, a romantic comedy inspired in part by an affair to remember, culminating with a scene in the observatory of the Empire State.
Andy Warhol's 1964 silent film Empire is one continuous eight-hour plan Empire State Building night, filmed in black and white. In 2004, the National Film Registry deemed its cultural significance worthy of preservation in the Library of Congress.
The film has the Independence Day of the Empire State Building, ground zero for an alien attack, which was devastated by armed foreign burns over New York primary.
Many other films have had the Empire State Building's website are listed for construction.
TV
The Empire State Building appears in the Doctor Who 1966 The Chase, where the TARDIS lands on the roof of the building, the doctor and his companions leave fairly quickly, however, as the Daleks are back of them. A Dalek is also seen in the roof of the building when she asks a man. In 2007, episodes of Doctor Who "Daleks in Manhattan" and "Evolution the Daleks "also include the construction, which are the Daleks building used as a lightning rod. Russell T. Davies, said in an article that" in spirit " Building Daleks recall your last visit.
MythBusters of Discovery Channel shows to test the urban legend that says if you make a penny on top Empire State Building could kill someone or put a crater in the pavement. The result was that when the currency falls, goes about 65 mph (105 km / h) (terminal velocity for the weight of an object and form), which is not fast enough to cause fatal injuries or put a crater in the pavement. The urban legend is a joke in the musical Avenue Q 2003, when a character is at the top of the building for an appointment throws a penny in the sidenly beat her rival.
Literature
HG Wells 1933 book SF The Shape of Things to Come, written in the form of a history book published in the distant future, contains the following passage: "Until recently, New York Lower was the oldest city in the world, unique in its dark age. The last of the old skyscrapers, the Empire State Building is still being demolished in CE 2106! .
In science-fiction novel The Rebel RHAD Robert Cham Gilman (Alfred Coppel), takes place in a galactic empire rotten in the distant future, New York is a old city was destroyed and rebuilt several times. The largest and oldest construction covered ruins piled halfway up is known simply as "The Tower empire, "but it is clear that the Empire State Building.
David Macaulay book Deconstruction 1980 sample represents the Empire State Building was bought by a millionaire Middle East and dismantled piece by piece, to be transported home and rebuilt.
The Empire State Building, a landmark so much as a frame and a device field in much Michael Chabon's 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay.
In the book series Percy Jackson, Mount Olympus is the Empire State Building, and is a special elevator in the building up "600e, which is supposed to Olympus.
Tenants
Notable tenants in the building include:
Alitalia, Office 3700
Croatian National Tourist Board, Suite 4003
Filipino Reporter, Suite 601
Human Rights Watch, 34th Floor
Polish Institute Culture in New York, Suite 4621
Senegal Tourist Office, Suite 3118
TAROM Suite 1410
The King's College, Suite 1500
previous tenants include:
National Tourist Office China (currently located at 370 Lexington Avenue)
From the National Film Board of Canada (now located at 1123 Broadway)
Nathaniel Branden Institute
Gallery
A view of the rise of the Empire State Building Broadway
The top of the Empire State Building
Looking up
Looking down
Looking to Times Square
Art Deco elevators in the lobby
Panoramic view of downtown Manhattan from the viewpoint
The Empire State Building in yellow and red lights during the 60th anniversary of People's Republic of China
See also
New York portal
more world's highest freestanding structure on earth
History of tallest skyscrapers
List of skyscrapers
List of tallest buildings in the U.S. state
References
Notes
Ab ^ Empire State Building is located in zip code 10001, 10 118, but is designated as the owner of the postcode of the building. USPS Source:.
^ National Geodetic Survey datasheet KU3602, Retrieved 7/26/2009
AB ^ Willis, Carol (1995). "Empire State Building. Kenneth T. Jackson. Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT and London and New York: University Press of Yale and New York Historical Society. pp. 375 376.
^ ESBNYC.com
^ Michael Pollak (April 23, 2006). "75:" For your information. The New York Times. Http: / / query.nytimes.com / GST / fullpage.html? Res 9D03EEDD153FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63 scp = & = 4 & sq = "Empire State Building" height = 1454 & c / CST. Retrieved on 31/10/2009.
^ SkyscraperPage Empire State Building, the source antenna height: CTBUH, high floor Source: Empire State Building Company LLC
Ab ^ Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Empire State Building and Trivia interesting facts. About.com. http://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm. Retrieved on 08/11/2008.
Ab ^ White, Norval & Willensky, AIA Guide to New York Elliot, 4th edition, New York Chapter American Institute of Architects, Crown Publishers. 2000. p. 226.
^ ab "Empire State Building. National Historic reference summary list. National Park Service. 11/09/2007. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1842&ResourceType=Building.
^ Carolyn Pitts (April 26, 1985). "Empire State Building" (PDF). National Historic Landmark nomination. National Park Service. Http: / / pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf.
^ "Empire State Buildingccompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1978." (PDF). National Register of historic places of storage. Service National Parks. 26/04/1985. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/82001192.pdf.
^ W & H Properties Empire State
Be more skyscrapers ^ environmentally friendly in the hope lure tenants
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Parks Service. 23/01/2007. http://www.nr.nps.gov/.
^ Reynolds Construction. Retrieved on November 15, 2008.
^ Cincinnati Waymarketing.com Skyscrapers
^ "Thirteen months to go, Geraldine B. Wagner, 2003 Quintet Publishing Ltd., pp. 32
^
^
^
^ About.com Empire State Building Trivia and interesting facts
^ "Lewis Wickes Hine: The Construction of Empire State Building, 19301931 (New York Public Library Library of Photography) "
^ "Icarus at the top of the Empire State, Lewis Hine, New York Public Library Photography Collection"
Tower History Retrieved ^ 16/12/2007 Lights
^ NYT travel: the Empire State Building
^ A market "for tenants in London." August 18, 2008.
EW ^ York: a documentary film.
Ab ^ Shanor, Rebecca Lee (1995). "Projects are not carried out." T. Kenneth Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT and London and New York: University Press of Yale and New York Historical Society. pp. 12,081,209.
^ Goldman, Jonathan (1980). Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. P. 44.
^ "750th Squadron, 457th Bomb Group: Managers from 1943 to 1945." http://www.457thbombgroup.org/New/750thSquad.html. Retrieved 6/4/2009.
^ "Empire State Building has survived the Aircraft Impact
^ "Plane Hits woman survives 75-story building Fall "
^ Guinnessworldrecords.com
^ "The Day Bomber Hit The Empire State Building. National Public Radio. Http: / / www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92987873. Retrieved 28/07/2008. "Eight months after the accident, the U.S. government offered money to the families of the victims. Some accepted, but others who had demand resulted in landmark legislation. The Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, for the first time, gave American citizens the right to sue the federal government. "
^ Glanz, James Lipton and Eric (9/8/2002). "The height of ambition." The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E2DD1F3FF93BA3575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=10.
^ Iht.com
^ Compass American Guides: Manhattan, 4th edition. Reavill, Gil Zimmerman, John P. 160.
^ George H. Douglas, Skyscraper, P. 173
^ Empire State Building in New York.com: Empire State Building Suicide
^ Geoffrey Broughton, phrases, P. 32
^ The book Empire State Building, Jonathan Goldman, St. Martin's Press, 1980, p.63
^ Empire State Building: Official Web Site
^ Lelyveld, Joseph (February 23, 1964). "The Empire State Glow in the dark. "The New York Times. Http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B11FE385F137A8EDDAA0A94DA405B848AF1D3.
^ Thevillager.com
Ab ^ Empire State Building lighting schedule
^ espn.com
Washington Post ^
^
^ Empire State Building Goes Green for Muslim holiday
Empire State ^ yellow decorated to celebrate Simpsons Movie
^ Http: / / www.broadway.com/Empire-State-Building-Goes-Green-for-Wicked-Birthday-Final-Yellow-Brick-Road-Cast-Announced/broadway_news/5013909
AB ^ https / / www.esbnyc.com/tickets/index.cfm?CFID=28691766&CFTOKEN=35278567
^ "Ten things not to do in New York"
NYRR Empire State Building Run-Up ^ Crowns Dold and Walsham as Champions, riders in New York by road
^ Empire State Building past winners
^ Www.esbnyc.com
^ Http: / / gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301391h.html
^ ABCDEFGH "Foreigners who come to the Fifth Avenue 350. Real Estate Weekly. June 30, 2004.
^ "FAQ." Alitalia (U.S. site). Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "The complaints and suggestions." Alitalia (U.S. site). Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ Homepage. Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Filipino Reporter. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Human Rights Watch. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
Top ^. Polish Cultural Institute in New York. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ Tourist Information Office in Senegal. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Travel Agencies Ticket aircraft for Romania. "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ "The King's College. Http://www.tkc.edu/. Retrieved on 01/11/2008.
^ "Contact Us". China Tourist Office National. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact Us". National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ In response to Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden on the site of his ex-wife
Further reading
Aaseng, Nathan. (1999). Construction: The construction of the impossible. Minneapolis, MN: Oliver Press. ISBN 1-881-50859-5.
Bascombe, Neal. (2003). Higher: a historic race for the sky and the realization of a city. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50660-0.
Goldman, Jonathan. (1980). Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-24455-X.
James, Theodore, Jr. (1975). The Empire State Building. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-060-12172-6.
Kingwell, Mark. (2006). The closest thing to paradise: The Empire State Building and American Dreams. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10622-X.
Pacelle, Mitchell. (2001). Empire: A History of obsession, betrayal and the Battle for an American icon. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-40394-6.
Tauranac, John. (1995). Empire State Building: The Making of a reference point. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-19678-6.
Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen months of Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. ISBN 1-592-23105-5.
Willis, Carol (ed). (1998). The Empire State Building. New York: WW Norton. ISBN 0-393-73030-1.
External Links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to the Empire State Building
Search Empire State Building in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Empire State Building Official Site
Commercial Construction.com
Lighting Schedule
Empire State Building Renovation Green
Trivia Empire State Building
Empire State Building Information
The construction of the Empire State Building, 19301931, New York Public Library
VIVA2, online archives of the Skyscraper Museum more than 500 photographs of the construction of the Empire State Building.
New York Guide Executives, the Empire State Building in front of the Rock Top view compare points.
Empire State Building Structurae
Archive
Preceded by
Chrysler Building
world's tallest structure
1931 1954
Successor
KWTV Mast
highest free-standing structure on land in the world
1931 1967
Successor
Ostankino Tower
World's tallest building
1931 1972
Successor
World Trade Center
tallest building in the U.S.
1931 1972
The tallest building in New York
1931 1972
Preceded by
World Trade Center
The tallest building in New York
2001 Present
Holder

Other items and issues related to the Empire State Building
v, d, e
Supertall skyscrapers

Current
North America
Aon Center AT & T Corporate Center Bank of America Bank of America Plaza Tower Chrysler Empire State Building, First Canadian Place John Hancock Center JPMorgan Chase The New York Times Building, Tower Chicago Trump Tower Two Prudential Plaza U.S. Bank Tower Wells Fargo Bank Plaza Tower Willis
Asia
Baiyoke Tower II Bank of China Tower Center Central Plaza China World Trade Center III Building CITIC Plaza Tower Jin Mao Tower Minsheng Bank's International Finance Menara Telekom Nina Tower One Island East Petronas Twin Towers Plaza Shanghai World Financial Center Shimao International Tower Shun Hing Square Taipei 101 Tuntex Sky
Europe
Capital City
Australia
Eureka Tower Q1
Middle East
Almas Tower Burj Al Khalifa Arab Emirates Burj Downtown Office Emirates Towers Hotel Kingdom Rose Tower The Burj Dubai Centre Division

Construction
North America
1 World Trade Center 175 Greenwich Street
South America
Gran Torre Costanera
Asia
151 Incheon Busan Lotte World Tower 117 Goldin Finance Merkaz Dalian Eton Digital Media City landmark building East Gate Business Center Eastern Pacific Plaza Gezhouba International Financial Building World International Grand Residences Gramercy Mansion (The Pinnacle) Guangzhou International Finance Center village of Huaxi hanging 66 Forum Tour India International Trade Centre Keangnam Finance Tower of Hanoi Landmark Tower Plaza Kingkey Leatop Nanjing Greenland Financial Center North Asia Trade Tower Parc1 Tour A tour of the Pearl River Ryugyong Hotel Shanghai Sino-steel tower International Trade Center Tower Tianjin Tianjin Wenzhou World Trade Center tower that Zenith, the spring of White Magnolia Plaza Times Square MahaNakhon
Europe
City Hall and City Duma Mercury City Tower Shard London Bridge
Middle East
23 Abraj Al Bait Towers Marina Tower Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Al Hamra Tower Al-Quds Endowment Arraya Tower 2 Yaqub Al Bin Manana Twin Towers (Lam Tara) Towers Burj Al Alam project Central Market DAMAC Heights Dubai Pearl Residence Dubai Towers Doha Elite Park Lamar Towers Emirates Towers HHHR Tower Index Tower Infinity The Landmark Marina Marina 101 Ocean Heights Princess Tower Sky Tower called Pentominium

Construction suspended
868 office towers and a hotel in downtown Chicago Spire NRD Dalian Doha International Convention Center Trade Center Torre Torre Eurasia Faros of Panama JW Marriott Jakarta Torre Faro International Finance Center Plaza Rakyat Skycity Tower Square Capital Hotel Waterview Tower Xiamen Post and Telecommunications Tianlong construction

Former
World Trade Center
See also the list of proposed high-rise building architects supertall supertall
v, d, e
New York City Historical Sites
NRHP: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Bronx Staten Island NHL: New York
New York: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Bronx Staten Island
v, d, e
U.S. National Register Historic Places
Keeper of the Register History of the National Register of Historic Places Property types Historic district property taxpayers
Topics List
National Park Service National Historic Site National Battlefield National Historic Site National Historic Landmarks National Parks National Monuments
v, d, e
Tourist Attractions in New York
Times Square (35) Central Park (20M) Metropolitan Museum of Art (5.2) Liberty Statue (4.24 m) American Museum of Natural History (4M) Empire State Building (4M) Museum of Modern Art (2.67 m)
Categories: 1931 | Accidents participation Cloud Architecture | Art Deco buildings in New York | Fifth Avenue (Manhattan) the tallest buildings | Old World | New York's National Historic Office Building City | New York | National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan | Skyscrapers New York Skyscrapers | more than 350 meters from attractions Visitors | New York city buildings | Office of the categories of Manhattan | Art Deco skyscrapersHidden: Wikipedia: Semi-protected against vandalism | Wikipedia page protected nonperishables | games | articles linked by September 2008 | Related Articles in May 2009 About the Author

I am a professional editor from
Chinese Manufacturers
, and my work is to promote a free online trade platform.
http://www.chinaqualitycrafts.com/ contain a great deal of information about

woven window blinds
,
exterior wood window shutters

welcome to visit!

Intelligence in Wikipedia

Washington articles missing geocoordinate data: Seattle Community College District, Walla Walla University, Wedgwood, Seattle, Arts in Seattle $37.85 Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 300. Chapters: Seattle Community College District, Walla Walla University, Wedgwood, Seattle, Arts in Seattle, Tent City 4, Ravenna, Seattle, Seattle Public Library, South Lake Union, Seattle, Olympic Sculpture Park, Rainier Beach, Seattle, Northwest University, Se…